In the early 20th century, France's colonial holdings in
Indochina (Southeast Asia) were becoming restive. When Japan occupied the region that is now
Vietnam, Cambodia, and
Laos during the
Second World War, the Japanese encouraged anti-colonial sentiment. After Japan's defeat, the French assumed that they would get the colonies back... But the Vietnamese had other plans.
1930- Ho Chi Minh establishes Indochinese Communist Party to Oppose France
1932- Bao Dai becomes French-sponsored puppet emperor of Vietnam
1940- Japanese occupy Indochina (but French colonial administration remains)
1941- Japanese move into southern Vietnam; Allies impose oil embargo on Japan
1941- Ho Chi Minh returns to Vietnam, fights the Japanese alongside Americans
March 9, 1945- Japan ousts French government, reinstalls Bao Dai as Emperor
Summer 1945- famine hits Hanoi, 2 million + starve, peasants revolt
August, 1945- Ho Chi Minh founds Viet Minh; uprising against French & Japanese
August, 1945- Japan surrenders to Allied Forces. Bao Dai abdicates throne.
August, 1945- Liberated France granted control of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam